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ï  ¬ Introduction Along with the fast developments and various applications of the internet comes the improvement of people’s living standard. Undoubtedly the emerging new technology is playing such a significant role in fields like promoting interpersonal interactions, driving global collaborations and increasing the world’s productivity, that our society may not stay as functional as it is now without the existence of the internet. Nevertheless, the internet, due to its complicated form of communications and the lack of either moral or legal control, has also brought about an unprecedented form of deviances and crimes including hacking, online fraud, terrorism, and so forth (Jaishankar, 2011). Among all types of controversial cyber activities, considering the distinct nature of criminals and different motivations, some of them may not have huge negative social impact while others can result in massive loss for both individuals and society. On all accounts, it is indeed of great importa nce to study internet abuse so as to construct a safer community with higher stability for the existence and prosperity of human-beings. To examine online deviances and crimes objectively, both theoretical supports and a large amount of data are required. As for hacking part, the grounded theory is applied so as to systematically and comparatively analyze the similarities and differences between â€Å"good† hackers and â€Å"bad† hackers. When it comes to discussion on online fraud, the breeding ground of cyber fraud, Nigeria, is taken as a typical example for depiction and explanation. In the specific region where the younger generation constructs a morally and legally deviant subculture, the prospect of the state is worth concerning. Organized in a progress... ...me. New York, NY: Basic Books. Powell, B., Carsen, J., Crumley, B., Walt, V., Gibson, H., & Gerlin, A. (2005, September 26). Generation Jihad. Time, 166, 56–59. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/ time/magazine/article/0,9171,1109334-1,00.html Taylor, P. A. (1999). Hackers: Crime and the digital sublime. New York, NY: Routledge. Weimann, G. (2004b). www.terror.net How modern terrorism uses the Internet. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace. Tsfati, Y., & Weimann, G. (2002). www.terrorism.com: Terror on the Internet. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 25, 317–332. Whine, M. (1999). Cyberspace—A new medium for communication, command, and control by extremists. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 22, 231–246. Zetter, K. (2008). Israeli hacker â€Å"The Analyzer† suspected of hacking again. Wired. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/09/the-analyzer-su

Social Influence, Comformity, Obedience and Compliance

Social influence It refers to our need to be right. Sometimes, an individual does not know what is the correct behaviour for the particular circumstances. In these cases, the individual will look to and copy the behaviour of others (e. g. modeling). The behaviour of others provides information on what is the correct thing to do in this situation. There are three types of social influence – conformity – compliance – obedience Conformity Conformity involves developing attitudes, opinions, and behaviors to match the attitudes of a specific group. Most people conform to the standard values, also called norms, of many groups without stress and often without even knowing that they are doing so. From an early age, a process of making children conform starts and continues persistently eg. Don’t speak to strangers. Conformity is neither good nor bad. Some degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function. For example, when you stop at a red light, you are conforming to the law and to the general agreement that for the good and safety of society, a red light means stop. You stop, even though most of the time there is not a police officer on the scene to enforce the law. All people balance the need to conform and fit in with the need to express their individuality throughout their lives. Some research into birth order suggests that the oldest child in a family is more likely to conform, while later children are more likely to become non-conformists. However, these studies are open to different interpretations and, although interesting, should not be considered conclusively true. Young children tend to be the least aware of the group and society values and are the least influenced by the need to conform. However, with more social interactions and more awareness of others, the need to conform grows. Pre-teens and teenagers face many issues related to conformity. They are pulled between the desire to be seen as individuals of unique value and the desire to belong to a group where they feel secure and accepted. The result is that often teens reject conforming to family or general society values, while conforming rigidly to the norms or values of their peer group. An example of this phenomenon is seen when young people join gangs. In joining the gang they are rejecting the community's way of dressing and behaving. Yet to belong to the gang, they must conform to the gang's own style of dress, behavior, and speech. Conformity within a group entails members to change their attitudes, perceptions, opinions, behaviours and beliefs in order to match those of others within the group. In order to conform, the group member must attribute someone as having the legitimacy and credibility to lead or influence the group's behaviour. Without this â€Å"leader†, conformity toward the group's goals will be less prevalent. The ‘leader’ has the power to affect change in behaviour or belief towards a group's standards as a result of the group’s members who follow him/her. If key members of a group accept messages about how to change behaviour to reduce risky activities such as needle sharing, drinking and driving, and unsafe sexual behavior, other group members often follow their lead and change their behaviour also. Conformity is tied closely to the issue of peer pressure. Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives, young people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced by the values and attitudes of their peers. Adolescents often encourage friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into to a group. The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game). Deciding how much and which group's values to conform to are one of the major stresses of adolescence. Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group that go against one's own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal of internal conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends from an earlier time. Defining oneself as an individual and developing a constant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity and non-conformity. This is a major challenge of adolescence. Many studies of young people show that if a person's friends engage in a behavior – everything from cigarette smoking to drinking alcohol to shoplifting to sexual activity – an adolescent is highly likely to conform to his or her friends' behaviors and try these activities. The alternative is for the young person to seek different friends with values more in line with his own. Often, however, the desire to be part of a group and the fear of social isolation makes it more appealing to change behaviors than to seek other friends. Attitudes toward conformity are of particular interest in community health, where conformity may influence the willingness of people to engage in activities such as illicit drug use or high-risk sexual activities, or prompt them to avoid drug rehabilitation programs. The tendency to conform to a group's values is of interest to outreach workers because social networks may provide a link to reaching and influencing the behavior of a wide range of people involved in drug abuse and high-risk sexual activity. If key members of a group accept messages about how to change behavior to reduce risky activities such as needle sharing, drinking and driving, and unsafe sexual behavior, other group members often follow their lead and change their behavior also. Although society tends to focus on teenagers' needs to conform and follow fads, and many parents worry about how the desire to conform will influence the decisions their children must make, issues surrounding conformity continue into adult life. They may be as trivial as choosing the proper clothes to wear to the office so as not to stand out or as serious as choosing whether to have one's children vaccinated against diseases. Finding a rational balance between belonging and being an individual is a challenge for everyone. Many people who feel as if this area of their lives is out of balance benefit from seeking professional counseling to help them find a level of conformity that is more comfortable for them When Asch tested individuals alone they made fewer than 1% mistakes and when the same participants were in a group that made errors in judgments, they make more than 33% errors. This indicates that: ? We make errors in judgments to fit in with the rest of the group – even when we know the judgment is incorrect. ?We rely on others for information about reality, about the validity of our feelings, decisions, behaviour etc. ?We conform because we are unsure of our judgement and not assertive enough. We conform because we need approval and validation. Compliance The concept of compliance is similar to conformity, yet it’s slightly different. For compliance to occur within groups, one must adapt his/her actions to another's wishes or rules. Requests for and acts of compliance occur in everyone's lives. Simply asking someone to perform a task is a request for compliance. The most effective method to gain compliance is through rational persuasion and inspiration. Although this person is asking another to perform a task, he/she is not asking the person to agree or disagree with the task in question. The person requesting the performance of the task is not necessarily attempting to change the other's beliefs, but simply needs or wants the task to be performed. This notion is what sets conformity and compliance apart. The central aspect of conformity is that the person being influenced by the group change his/her attitudes and/or beliefs while the main point of compliance is the achievement of some specified task. Foot-in-the-door technique (FITD) is a compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request. Therefore FITD is a two step compliance technique in which an influencer prefaces the real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request Obedience Obedience is the act of following orders without question because they come from a legitimate authority. When someone orders another to perform some action, and the person complies Variables affecting obedience: †¢the authority †¢the victim †¢the procedure Milgram’s experiment The experiment involved two people one a confederate would play the part of a student trying to remember different words that they had heard the other person who was the subject played the role of a teacher and gave him the test. He was told to shock the â€Å"student† everytime he missed a word. Milgram thought that most people wouldn't shock another human being and especially not all the way up to deadly levels of electricity. As the â€Å"teachers† were told to increase the dosage as they got more answers wrong, he found out that most people would shock their fellow man in this experiment and would be obedient to all the demands made by the instructor since he was the one in a position of authority.

Evaluation Of A Program For A Team - 810 Words

Some teams have a leader and members’, while others consist of members who come together and bring a diverse set of skills, that are used collectively to carry out the team’s common goals. In order for a team to meet its intended purpose effective communication is vital. Moreover, each team member should complement each other and avoid unnecessary conflict’s, that impede productivity and positive creativity. Therefore, it is important for a team to find its best communication types for building and bringing out the best in each team member. Body Angel Avery a middle school teacher was sadden by the stories her students shared about the hopelessness felt in their community to attend college or even graduate from high school.†¦show more content†¦(Wood) Through procedural communication in our mentorship program, it starts with each mentor candidate being interviewed by the team and then voted in by majority vote to become a volunteer mentor. Each new mento r and mentee is oriented on the programs history and agenda. The mentorship interaction is guided by a set of program policies for managing the success of the mentorship program, which include the ground rules for the mentorship relationship. Due to the limited number of mentors, mentees are accepted by application only and mentors are discouraged from mentoring more than two girls at one time. In order to create the best possible mentorship experience for the mentee, the mentee chooses their mentor by reading their possible mentor’s bio and filling out a short questionnaire to help the mentee identify their mentorship expectations. Our team is aware each mentee is different, so we offer personalized mentorship, which may include any or all of these skills; problem solving, conflict resolution, career planning, college preparation, goal setting, financial planning, skills development and networking. Cohesion- Is a degree of closeness among members and the sense of good spiri t. (Wood) Group or team cohesion is the social glue that keeps the group or team closely connected. Furthermore, strong group or team cohesion better helps with achieving the goals of the group or team. Additionally, with group or team cohesion eachShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Team Training Program1516 Words   |  7 Pages If I were the coach of a softball team and had to formulate a pre-season, in-season, and post-season work out program I would start by making a list for each to stay on track. For pre-season, things I would bullet point would be; running, weight training, skill specific sessions and learning strategies. Next would be for in-season practices and this is going to be my maintenance phase. 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