Essay --

ï  ¬ Introduction Along with the fast developments and various applications of the internet comes the improvement of people’s living standard. Undoubtedly the emerging new technology is playing such a significant role in fields like promoting interpersonal interactions, driving global collaborations and increasing the world’s productivity, that our society may not stay as functional as it is now without the existence of the internet. Nevertheless, the internet, due to its complicated form of communications and the lack of either moral or legal control, has also brought about an unprecedented form of deviances and crimes including hacking, online fraud, terrorism, and so forth (Jaishankar, 2011). Among all types of controversial cyber activities, considering the distinct nature of criminals and different motivations, some of them may not have huge negative social impact while others can result in massive loss for both individuals and society. On all accounts, it is indeed of great importa nce to study internet abuse so as to construct a safer community with higher stability for the existence and prosperity of human-beings. To examine online deviances and crimes objectively, both theoretical supports and a large amount of data are required. As for hacking part, the grounded theory is applied so as to systematically and comparatively analyze the similarities and differences between â€Å"good† hackers and â€Å"bad† hackers. When it comes to discussion on online fraud, the breeding ground of cyber fraud, Nigeria, is taken as a typical example for depiction and explanation. In the specific region where the younger generation constructs a morally and legally deviant subculture, the prospect of the state is worth concerning. Organized in a progress... ...me. New York, NY: Basic Books. Powell, B., Carsen, J., Crumley, B., Walt, V., Gibson, H., & Gerlin, A. (2005, September 26). Generation Jihad. Time, 166, 56–59. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/ time/magazine/article/0,9171,1109334-1,00.html Taylor, P. A. (1999). Hackers: Crime and the digital sublime. New York, NY: Routledge. Weimann, G. (2004b). www.terror.net How modern terrorism uses the Internet. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace. Tsfati, Y., & Weimann, G. (2002). www.terrorism.com: Terror on the Internet. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 25, 317–332. Whine, M. (1999). Cyberspace—A new medium for communication, command, and control by extremists. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 22, 231–246. Zetter, K. (2008). Israeli hacker â€Å"The Analyzer† suspected of hacking again. Wired. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/09/the-analyzer-su

Social Influence, Comformity, Obedience and Compliance

Social influence It refers to our need to be right. Sometimes, an individual does not know what is the correct behaviour for the particular circumstances. In these cases, the individual will look to and copy the behaviour of others (e. g. modeling). The behaviour of others provides information on what is the correct thing to do in this situation. There are three types of social influence – conformity – compliance – obedience Conformity Conformity involves developing attitudes, opinions, and behaviors to match the attitudes of a specific group. Most people conform to the standard values, also called norms, of many groups without stress and often without even knowing that they are doing so. From an early age, a process of making children conform starts and continues persistently eg. Don’t speak to strangers. Conformity is neither good nor bad. Some degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function. For example, when you stop at a red light, you are conforming to the law and to the general agreement that for the good and safety of society, a red light means stop. You stop, even though most of the time there is not a police officer on the scene to enforce the law. All people balance the need to conform and fit in with the need to express their individuality throughout their lives. Some research into birth order suggests that the oldest child in a family is more likely to conform, while later children are more likely to become non-conformists. However, these studies are open to different interpretations and, although interesting, should not be considered conclusively true. Young children tend to be the least aware of the group and society values and are the least influenced by the need to conform. However, with more social interactions and more awareness of others, the need to conform grows. Pre-teens and teenagers face many issues related to conformity. They are pulled between the desire to be seen as individuals of unique value and the desire to belong to a group where they feel secure and accepted. The result is that often teens reject conforming to family or general society values, while conforming rigidly to the norms or values of their peer group. An example of this phenomenon is seen when young people join gangs. In joining the gang they are rejecting the community's way of dressing and behaving. Yet to belong to the gang, they must conform to the gang's own style of dress, behavior, and speech. Conformity within a group entails members to change their attitudes, perceptions, opinions, behaviours and beliefs in order to match those of others within the group. In order to conform, the group member must attribute someone as having the legitimacy and credibility to lead or influence the group's behaviour. Without this â€Å"leader†, conformity toward the group's goals will be less prevalent. The ‘leader’ has the power to affect change in behaviour or belief towards a group's standards as a result of the group’s members who follow him/her. If key members of a group accept messages about how to change behaviour to reduce risky activities such as needle sharing, drinking and driving, and unsafe sexual behavior, other group members often follow their lead and change their behaviour also. Conformity is tied closely to the issue of peer pressure. Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives, young people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced by the values and attitudes of their peers. Adolescents often encourage friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into to a group. The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game). Deciding how much and which group's values to conform to are one of the major stresses of adolescence. Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group that go against one's own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal of internal conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends from an earlier time. Defining oneself as an individual and developing a constant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity and non-conformity. This is a major challenge of adolescence. Many studies of young people show that if a person's friends engage in a behavior – everything from cigarette smoking to drinking alcohol to shoplifting to sexual activity – an adolescent is highly likely to conform to his or her friends' behaviors and try these activities. The alternative is for the young person to seek different friends with values more in line with his own. Often, however, the desire to be part of a group and the fear of social isolation makes it more appealing to change behaviors than to seek other friends. Attitudes toward conformity are of particular interest in community health, where conformity may influence the willingness of people to engage in activities such as illicit drug use or high-risk sexual activities, or prompt them to avoid drug rehabilitation programs. The tendency to conform to a group's values is of interest to outreach workers because social networks may provide a link to reaching and influencing the behavior of a wide range of people involved in drug abuse and high-risk sexual activity. If key members of a group accept messages about how to change behavior to reduce risky activities such as needle sharing, drinking and driving, and unsafe sexual behavior, other group members often follow their lead and change their behavior also. Although society tends to focus on teenagers' needs to conform and follow fads, and many parents worry about how the desire to conform will influence the decisions their children must make, issues surrounding conformity continue into adult life. They may be as trivial as choosing the proper clothes to wear to the office so as not to stand out or as serious as choosing whether to have one's children vaccinated against diseases. Finding a rational balance between belonging and being an individual is a challenge for everyone. Many people who feel as if this area of their lives is out of balance benefit from seeking professional counseling to help them find a level of conformity that is more comfortable for them When Asch tested individuals alone they made fewer than 1% mistakes and when the same participants were in a group that made errors in judgments, they make more than 33% errors. This indicates that: ? We make errors in judgments to fit in with the rest of the group – even when we know the judgment is incorrect. ?We rely on others for information about reality, about the validity of our feelings, decisions, behaviour etc. ?We conform because we are unsure of our judgement and not assertive enough. We conform because we need approval and validation. Compliance The concept of compliance is similar to conformity, yet it’s slightly different. For compliance to occur within groups, one must adapt his/her actions to another's wishes or rules. Requests for and acts of compliance occur in everyone's lives. Simply asking someone to perform a task is a request for compliance. The most effective method to gain compliance is through rational persuasion and inspiration. Although this person is asking another to perform a task, he/she is not asking the person to agree or disagree with the task in question. The person requesting the performance of the task is not necessarily attempting to change the other's beliefs, but simply needs or wants the task to be performed. This notion is what sets conformity and compliance apart. The central aspect of conformity is that the person being influenced by the group change his/her attitudes and/or beliefs while the main point of compliance is the achievement of some specified task. Foot-in-the-door technique (FITD) is a compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request. Therefore FITD is a two step compliance technique in which an influencer prefaces the real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request Obedience Obedience is the act of following orders without question because they come from a legitimate authority. When someone orders another to perform some action, and the person complies Variables affecting obedience: †¢the authority †¢the victim †¢the procedure Milgram’s experiment The experiment involved two people one a confederate would play the part of a student trying to remember different words that they had heard the other person who was the subject played the role of a teacher and gave him the test. He was told to shock the â€Å"student† everytime he missed a word. Milgram thought that most people wouldn't shock another human being and especially not all the way up to deadly levels of electricity. As the â€Å"teachers† were told to increase the dosage as they got more answers wrong, he found out that most people would shock their fellow man in this experiment and would be obedient to all the demands made by the instructor since he was the one in a position of authority.

Evaluation Of A Program For A Team - 810 Words

Some teams have a leader and members’, while others consist of members who come together and bring a diverse set of skills, that are used collectively to carry out the team’s common goals. In order for a team to meet its intended purpose effective communication is vital. Moreover, each team member should complement each other and avoid unnecessary conflict’s, that impede productivity and positive creativity. Therefore, it is important for a team to find its best communication types for building and bringing out the best in each team member. Body Angel Avery a middle school teacher was sadden by the stories her students shared about the hopelessness felt in their community to attend college or even graduate from high school.†¦show more content†¦(Wood) Through procedural communication in our mentorship program, it starts with each mentor candidate being interviewed by the team and then voted in by majority vote to become a volunteer mentor. Each new mento r and mentee is oriented on the programs history and agenda. The mentorship interaction is guided by a set of program policies for managing the success of the mentorship program, which include the ground rules for the mentorship relationship. Due to the limited number of mentors, mentees are accepted by application only and mentors are discouraged from mentoring more than two girls at one time. In order to create the best possible mentorship experience for the mentee, the mentee chooses their mentor by reading their possible mentor’s bio and filling out a short questionnaire to help the mentee identify their mentorship expectations. Our team is aware each mentee is different, so we offer personalized mentorship, which may include any or all of these skills; problem solving, conflict resolution, career planning, college preparation, goal setting, financial planning, skills development and networking. Cohesion- Is a degree of closeness among members and the sense of good spiri t. (Wood) Group or team cohesion is the social glue that keeps the group or team closely connected. Furthermore, strong group or team cohesion better helps with achieving the goals of the group or team. Additionally, with group or team cohesion eachShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Team Training Program1516 Words   |  7 Pages If I were the coach of a softball team and had to formulate a pre-season, in-season, and post-season work out program I would start by making a list for each to stay on track. For pre-season, things I would bullet point would be; running, weight training, skill specific sessions and learning strategies. Next would be for in-season practices and this is going to be my maintenance phase. Last is the post-season part that is focusing on getting ready for the next year so I would bullet point theseRead MoreProgram Evaluation Critique Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesProgram Evaluation critique to: Trish Mckay from: steven wayock subject: Team read- program evaluation Critique date: [ 10/31/2012 ] cc: Professor Turner, Margo Jones, Trish McKay Steven Wayock’s Independent program evaluation Critique Team Read’s program evaluation completed by the independent evaluator Margo Jones took an overall look at Team Read based off of statistical analysis conducted in two different phases. These phases evaluated different scopes of Team Read, the readers theRead MoreEvaluation Of A Classroom Referral Records817 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the first year, the program coordinator would administer the pre-assessment and gather results. Those results would then be presented at the first DRS meeting along with the common assessment data from Illuminate provided by the math and language arts teachers. Throughout the rest of the year, in six week interval during DRS; common assessment data would be analyzed to monitor THINK Together student growth. Twice a trimester, the administrative team would document GPA’s in student progressRead MoreAdvanced Home Care s Customer Care Center1142 Words   |  5 Pages(n.d.). Needs Assessment). It was the hope that in doing a needs assessmen t there would be data that helped to better understand the current state of the team and the clear deficiencies as to why they are not where they should be. The information collected in a needs assessment helps to inform and drive every decision about the needs of the team and what is necessary to fill the need. If there is no understanding of current performance then there can be no effective planning for how to gain supportRead MoreRisk Drinking Among Local Youth Aged 18-241242 Words   |  5 PagesExercise 1: A health promotion team plans a program to reduce the level of risky drinking among local youth aged 18-24. Based on recommendations from researchers who had run a similar program in New Zealand, the Australian team design a mass media campaign as one component of the overall program. a) Discuss why the team might want to evaluate the mass media campaign before implementing it and identify the type of evaluation that they would be conducting. Justify your reasoning with appropriate referencesRead MoreCareer Development Plan Summary1639 Words   |  7 Pagesassume additional responsibilities but also initiate the hiring of additional team members. This report will introduce five new positions to the team, the implementation of a new training program, evaluation process, incentive/benefit package, compensation, and career development strategies to supplement these new positions. New Team Development Until this point in time, the finance department has sustained five team members. Two members have been assigned to maintain accounts receivable, two otherRead MoreIncreasing Utilization Of Mental Health And Health Services777 Words   |  4 PagesServices The availability of professional services to accommodate all aspects of a healthy child is important to establish in a Community School environment participating Community Schools is partnering with CBO’s partners and their health service team provide the necessary services for the school. Increase Mental Health/Health Services: In year 1: 60% of students and/or families will demonstrate an increase in utilization of mental health and health services. In year 2: 70% of students and/orRead MoreDetermining Based Outcome Measure For Selecting The Gas Instrument1551 Words   |  7 Pagesgo about implementing a program evaluation model to determine client gains? In order to implement a program evaluation to determine client gains, there will be a team consisting of myself as the lead consultant, 3-4 program evaluation support staff members who will assist in the evaluation process and one staff member from the center being included to provide relevant center information. Key staff from the center will be asked to form an advisory group where all evaluation measures, outcomes andRead MoreThe Function and Purpose of Audits and Evaluation Programs796 Words   |  3 Pagespurpose of audits and evaluation programs are to ensure that periodic, formal review occurs such that program implementation and budget can be informed. The audit and evaluation process serves to provide information to the teams responsible for execution of those programs regarding their results and work quality. It is essential that the audit and evaluation program procedures result in new information and do not duplicate previous efforts. Essentially, the audit and evaluatio n programs should answer questionsRead MoreEvaluation And Evaluation Of Evaluation1230 Words   |  5 Pagesapproaches to evaluation at present include many different models, but they share one thing in common that they all use stakeholders in the program to assist in conducting the evaluation. However, they may use them to attain different goals and employ in different ways. This mini paper will present three evaluation approaches that involving stakeholders in the evaluation process, which are participatory evaluation, developmental evaluation, and empowerment evaluation. Participatory evaluation Jean King

Metropolitan College of New York Admissions Costs...

A Rose for Emily Literary Analysis Essay - 1023 Words

William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Literary Analysis In William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† his main character Miss Emily Grierson’s deranged behavior leaves the reader questioning her mental status. Emily comes from a family with high expectations of her a sort of â€Å"hereditary obligation† (30). Emily has been mentally manipulated by her as so indicated in the line of the story â€Å"we did not say she was crazy then we believed she had to do that we remember all the young men her father had driven away† (32). There is already proof of mental illness in the family â€Å"remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great aunt, had gone completely crazy last† (32). The first indication the narrator gives us of Miss Emily’s†¦show more content†¦During the conversation Miss Emily tells the men â€Å"See Colonel Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson† (31). Colonel Sartoris has been dead for almost ten years. Emily’s behavior not only shows mental instabili ty but also that she may be delusional and confused. â€Å"She was sick for a long time. When we saw her again, her hair was cut short making her look like a girl† (32). Through this image the narrator portrays Emily regressing back to her youth. It is at this point that Miss Emily is being seen around town with a young contractor named Homer Barron. Emily’s behavior takes another dramatic strange twist when she visits the druggist and requests some poison. The druggist asked Miss Emily â€Å"What kind? For rats and such?† (33). to which Emily responds â€Å"I want the best one you have. I don’t care what kind† (33). It is at this point that we truly begin to question if Miss Emily has foul intentions. â€Å"She will kill herself† â€Å"She will marry him† â€Å"She will persuade him yet† (33). These statements were made in regard to Miss Emily’s relationship with Homer Barron. Homer himself had stated that he liked men, he was known to drink with the younger men in the Elks Club, and that he was not a marrying man. In light of Homers feelings toward marriage Emily had been seen in town at the jewelers purchasing a men’s toilet set in silver with the letters H.B. on eachShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of â€Å"a Rose for Emily†1277 Words   |  6 Page sLiterary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose For Emily† The short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, by William Faulkner, is told by an unnamed narrator and broken into five sections. The story is not chronological, but completely out of order, adding mystery and climax. The first section begins with the death of the main character, Emily Grierson, and relates the thoughts and actions of the small Southern U.S. town. A flawed relationship between the town and Miss Emily is seen throughout the story. The tension betweenRead MoreEssay on â€Å"a Rose for Emily† Literary Analysis743 Words   |  3 PagesCameron Barba Ms. Carunchio English 11B 12 February 2009 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Literary Analysis In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner uses setting, character development, and stylistic devices to express the mystery of Emily and the somewhat gossip-obsessed attitude the townspeople have towards Emily. Faulkner uses the setting to convey the mystery surrounding Emily and her actions. For example, Faulkner writes â€Å" knocked at the door through which no visitor had passed since she ceased givingRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis957 Words   |  4 Pagesbelongs in the Realism era in the American Literary Canon. His writing was influence by his Southern upbringing, often setting his stories in the fictional Southern town, Yoknapatawpha County. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† was one of Faulkner’s first published pieces and displays many of the now signature characteristics of Faulkner’s writing. The short story provides commentary through the use of many symbols. In William Faulkner’s short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the author uses the townspeople as a representationRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis975 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner uses a modernistic style of writing combined with Southern Gothic themes to show how strange or â€Å"perverse† of a character Emily Grierson is. The story is split into five parts which all take place throughout Emily’s life. These five parts are not in chronological order. Not until the story is looked at in chronological order will the reader understand the full personality and life of Emily Grierson. The first and last thing the reader seesRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis875 Words   |  4 Pagesnew ideas allows for both the individual and society to progress. William Faulkner packs the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† with different types of literary devices that describes the fight against change in the post-U.S. Civil War South. Faulkner’s story takes place in the Southern town of Jefferson Mississippi in the late 1800’s, early 1900’s. The symbolism of the primary characters (Emily Grierson, her father and the Grierson estate) chronicles how difficult change is in Jefferson. Assuming a darkRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And A Rose For Emily Literary Analysis1297 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily tells the story of women who face isolation and struggle with their own terms of freedom upon the death of a male figure in their life. Louise and Emily come from different time periods, backgrounds, and have different experiences, yet both share commonality in that they have let themselves be affected by the unrealistic expectations placed on them as traditional ladies. Both of these characters are commonly misconstruedRead MoreA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, and his use of foreshadowing, Faulkner effectively develops â€Å"A Rose for Emily† into a horrific tale. The first way that Faulkner organizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in his characterizationRead MoreThe Mystery of the Rose and the Narrator in A Rose for Emily by Faulkner1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhile one of the most traditional interpretations of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the variety of meanings for the â€Å"rose† presented in the title and how the â€Å"rose† fits in with the story. Laura Getty states in her article many varied perspectives that many could ponder when identifying what the â€Å"rose† stands for. She states many possible theories that depict what the â€Å"rose† means, including theories of other writers that help support her own theory and also that adds another way that most might not consider

Pizza Hut Case Study Free Essays

Pizza Hut dominated the fast food market in the world both in sales and number of restaurants before 1986. In 1986, the company announced to start the home delivery market, which would especially target the children, two-career families, and parents with small children, etc. Segmentation of the children by age (a group of the same age who will respond to a marketing mix in a similar way) outcomes in the following market approach: Kids (age 3-11), Teens (age 12-17), Those two segmentations represent a huge proportion of Pizza Hut’s customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Pizza Hut Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once they eat, they will love to eat the pizza very often, and become loyal to the Pizza Hut. Kids (age 3-11) Those kids eat whatever their parents give them. They are too much dependent on their parents so that their parents do not have time to cook at home. Also their parents want to spend more time on playing with them. Therefore, it is very convenient for their parents to order the pizza for them. See Appendix A Teens (age 12-17) Those teens become less dependent on their parents. They always choose what to eat themselves. They are most of the time at school. They always have heavy group work and school activities. They do not have too much money and time to eat in restaurants. Pizza will cost them less and fast. However, the Pizza Hut restaurant eat-in carry –out business attracted 79% of the consumers in 1986. Those mixed consumers viewed pizza as a personal, sensual experience. The restaurant offered convenient family atmosphere and provide them high quality product at a reasonable price. Pizza was widely accepted across the U.S. regardless of its popularity in northern and eastern regions How to cite Pizza Hut Case Study, Free Case study samples

Significance of Communication Skills-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Communication Skills. Answer: The communication skills are a significant aspect that has a great impact on an individuals personality. There can be many strong areas related to communication within a person, while on other hand there may be some points where communication is little weak (Allen, Hunter Donohue, 2009). The present report is based on self reflection where the major aim is to deeply analyse the communication skills. This analysis is based on some diagnostic tools which will aid in recognising the areas of strength and weakness in communication. Afterwards, the literature review will address key issues in communication which has been identified through diagnosis. On this basis, the last section of report will contain an action plan which will help in making improvements in communication within a structured time period (Bodie, 2010). For the purpose of identifying the communication skill in myself, I have taken help of five different diagnostic tools. As per that, the first tool is self observing questionnaire which will aid in recognising self competence in communication in different situations. The questionnaire contains several questions which can help in finding out different aspects that have an impact on communication (Bylund et.al., 2017). Similarly, another tool used for the same purpose was a personal report of communication anxiety which will help in measuring the level of fear or anxiety that is confronted while having a communication with another person or group of individuals. Thus, this report will aid in recognising the level of comfort or discomfort that is faced while interacting with others. Moving forward, next diagnostic tool was the report on communication in difficult situations. It is evident that in difficult situations, stress and uncertainties is the major thing that makes it complex to tackle situation and communicate properly (Christensen, 2014). Thus, the report will identify the level of various feelings at the time of difficult situations. The fourth diagnostic tool was readiness to listen which will recognise the willingness towards listening which is an essential feature of good communication. The final tool was acceptance towards disagreement which is helpful in getting information about acceptance of people towards ideas that are conflicting with ones strong belief (Davis, 2014). The diagnostic tools applied to analyse various areas of communication were quite effective in generating desired results. The first tool of questionnaire helped me in identifying my basic communication style. Besides this, the personal report made to analyse the communication anxiety stated that I am little weak at making communication among public who are not personally known to me (DeBenedectis et.al., 2017). On other hand I am very comfortable in making communication with my friends or family members where interaction is direct and one-to-one. Thus, the major issue was related to making interaction with large number of people at one time. Apart from this, as per the scores generated from the diagnostic tool application of personal report to identify communication anxiety, I attained 60 marks which can be categorised under fair level of communication power (Duran et.al., 2017). Similarly, on the account of making communication in difficult situations, I scored 50 marks which is low and states that I am less comfortable in establishing communication at the time of difficult situations. I feel very stressed and nervous in such trouble situations which become a major barrier in my communication skill. The fourth tool applied to assess the listening skill; I scored 70 marks which show my willingness towards listening which falls under a moderate level of communication (Guetterman et.al., 2017). On other hand, the last tool applied for acceptance against disagreement, I scored 120 marks. This is a good level as per the scale of analysis and states that I am inclined to evade conflicts and disagreement; therefore I solve the disputes and various issues tactfully. The assessment done by applying various diagnostic tools revealed effective results showing me my present status regarding the level of communication (Hargie, 2011). As per the generated results, the major requirements regarding issues in communication is related with communication in difficult situations and communication apprehension which is faced while addressing a group of people. Apart from this, the other areas of communication like readiness to listen and acceptance to disagreement are on moderate level which is required to be maintained and improved further so as to become less prone to attain a lower level in future (Hargie, 2011). I feel stressed and nervous at the time of difficult situations because of which interacting with others at that time becomes quite difficult for me. On other hand, the difficulty felt at the time of having interaction with large group of people is also a major issue that needs to be addressed for making improvements. In addition to this, for the acceptance to disagreement, I have a view that in corporate world disagreements are very common which is a healthy sign of progress. Without disagreements, various a spects of a matter cannot be assessed from different views. Thus, it helps in improving the decision making process (Kim Lee, 2014). According to recent examples, I have faced some issues while making communication with large group of people. The first situation was faced at professional level in a production company. I was at the position of Production manager where the departments performance was not up to the mark. Following to this, the senior manager called me to meet him personally for explaining the reason for such underperformance of the department. This was a very complex situation for me where I was feeling a lot of stress and nervousness. I was expected to explain the current status and reasons of underperformance of the team. In this situation, I was unable to explain the fair reasons in proper manner and to concentrate over the important points. Besides this, I was unable to make keep my points and explanations in the expected manner because of which the manager was not clear about my reasons for such underperformance. Another example of such communication issue was faced in the same organisation at the time of addressing the entire department while giving a presentation. The topic of presentation was new for me and it was essential to give related information about it to the employees. In this condition, I was unable to make clear all the points and queries of colleagues in an appropriate manner. Besides this, addressing large number of people was like a challenge for me as I forgot to address some major points for discussion. Apart from this, the presentation delivery was required to be very accurate and comprehensive which can be understood by the audience in a good manner. Therefore, this condition added an additional pressure on me which led to difficulty in concentrating over significant points for discussion. Thus, the above examples show my major weaknesses in the field of communication that are required to be addressed and improved as soon as possible. By making improvements within these issues will definitely help in making an overall development in my personality and communication aspects (Liu et.al., 2017). Apart from this, other aspects of communication areas are at moderate level and making little reforms in that will aid in getting things over right position and in better way. The communication skills are not the same within each and every person because of which the personality and way of interacting differs. According to Mandeville, Ho Valdez, (2017), there are various areas of communication which are essential to be addressed for the purpose of overall development in the communication skill inventory. There are some issues related to communication which are essential to be improved. These issues may be communication apprehension (CA) which can be referred as a fear that can be present within an individual as a result of different situations which are difficult and stressful. Besides this, they may have an anxiety while having an interaction with the group of people because of which the effective way of communication cannot be established (McAllum, 2017). As per Neuliep, (2017), the individual who has the issue of CA generally try to avoid making interaction with large number of people and feel nervous while keeping their opinion in front of them. This behaviour may have a negative influence on the image and personality of a person over others. These fear and negative behaviour are the results of a number of factors ranging from character, types of audience and current situation. Some individuals are more concerned about their image and reputation among others because of which they become anxious at the time of interaction with group of people. Thus, this type of anxiousness presents the fear among different individuals as a result of their nature or traits. Norbury, (2014) states that there are several number of people who become more conscious and nervous as a result of audience whom they are addressing. For instance, the audience of a speaker may comprise of some reputed personalities and dignitaries. Therefore, addressing such aud ience may be a tough task for some persons resulting into improper establishment of communication. Similarly, there are some other persons as well who become anxious as a result of situation which may not be much favourable for him/ her. These situations may include some interviews, one to one interaction with seniors on some sensitive matters etc. (Priem Solomon, 2009). According to Schulze et.al., (2017), the ability to interact and address public and large group of people is an essential requirement which must be present within a person at professional level. This capability help in acquiring a good position at corporate level as it demonstrates the power and efficiency to make communication better and have good links with people. Apart from this, various researches state that the role of fluent communication within organisations is a pre requisite which must be entertained by an individual. There are some barriers in establishing effective communication among people at different levels which must be overcome by a person so as to get desired results in a positive way (Shah et.al., 2017). Therefore, it is essential for an individual to do away with various anxiety and stress that is confronted in different situations. By making improvements in communication skills, a person can evidence long term results in professional career. Apart from this, Wright et.al., (2013) stress on being a good listener to become a good speaker as without knowing others views and their point of views, a person may not communicate in meaningful manner. The theoretical frameworks and models also identify listening as an essential element for having a better communication and presenting effective views on a particular subject matter. Besides this, being a good listener can help in getting knowledge over some essential topics about which an individual may not have required information (Shannon, 2012). Thus, being a good listener has some advantages which must not be skipped by an individual for attaining an overall development of communication skills. According to Madlock, (2012), for improvements in the communication skills, a person must have to develop their expressiveness, preciseness and clear meaning of their views. By improving these characteristics, a considerable impact on listeners can be made. If a manager has a good comm unication power within an organisational setting, the teams or employees will have a good level of understanding and better style of executing the tasks. In the views of Rajasekar, (2014), disagreement in the views is also an inevitable part of business environment where meetings and discussions use to take place. In such discussions, there can be disagreements among various people who are attending the meeting. These disagreements have a positive influence as well because it gives an opportunity to assess a specific task from various points of views. Apart from this, it also helps in taking a good decision by eliminating different flaws in the matter. But in such disagreements, a person must have the ability to accept it and keep their opinions in an effective way which can aid in impacting others way of thinking as well (Floyd et.al., 2013). Apart from this, the non verbal communication within an organisational setting has also a considerable significance and can be an additional essence in the communication power. By simply nodding in proper way or showing positive signals by smiling can also have a good impression on others. As p er Niemann-Struweg, (2014) the verbal communication has a prominent significance in the negotiations. Through verbal communication at the time of negotiations, the person may express their views and positive or negative attitude towards different points. The above literature review entails a number of features that are related to communication skill at the level of organisational setting. As per this, there are some essential features that must be improved upon for establishing a better way of communication (Stowe et.al., 2012). Besides this, the barriers related to such skills must be improved upon so that at corporate level, impression over others can be made in positive way. As per the above assessment done to identify areas in which improvement is required to establish better communication, an action plan has been made which will help in getting improvements in the identified issues. I confront major issues in addressing a large group of people while giving presentations or while imparting knowledge about a particular topic. For this process, the first step would be to maintain a daily sheet for keeping track of my progress in the learning (Coldwell, Joosub Papageorgiou, 2012). After this, I would make a proper plan of steps that could be taken for making improvements. This process would start by having a mentor who can give guidance related to learning process. As per this, I told about my communication anxiety and fear while having communication in difficult situation to my mentor. As per his experience in communication of more than 15 years, he framed a six week training programme for me to eliminate issues (Stanimirovic, 2015). As per this, I started reading books based on communication apprehension and methods to tackle with them. As per this, I learned to make a forecast about various situations which may occur so as to prepare myself for it. This will give me confidence to deal with that specific condition. Besides this, I took part in a course related to making improvement in the interpersonal communication. This helped me in eliminating the fear about various situations so that I can keep my opinion among others in a better way and with confidence. I also attended some seminars based upon eliminating fear while having public interaction. I learned an effective way of speaking and methods to present the opinions among public so as to impact their minds (Caruana Ploner, 2012). In addition to this, I started reading books related to my field of profession which can help in enhancing my knowledge and learning to current aspects. This helped me in getting the ideas that can help in being calm and confident in adverse situations. The mentoring and guidance also helped me in increasing the confidence so that I may not have anxiousness while confronting any difficult situation (Porter Tanner, 2012). S. No Activity / Duration Week 1 to 3 Week 3 to 4 Week 4-5 Week 6 to 8 Week 9 to 15 Week 16 to 20 Week 21 22 Week 21to23 Week 23 and 24 1 Analysis of the current skills 2 Determining issues 3 Searching and choosing a mentor 4 Reading books to attain knowledge 5 Joining interpersonal communication class 6 Joining training for enhancing confidence for public speaking 7 Attending seminars on public speaking 8 Attaining knowledge through books to handle difficult situations 10 Getting guidance from mentor for improvements on dealing situations 11 Making changes as per the feedback sheet The above essay has made a self analysis of communication skills according to which major issues in the area of communication apprehension and communicating in difficult situations are identified as prominent issues. The review of literature has been done to identify the ways that are ideal for dealing with communication barriers (Floyd et.al., 2013). From the present study, I identified that communication is major strength in all phases of professional area which must be improved. Similarly, the action plan has been developed under the supervision of a mentor to make improvements in the present status of communication skill. References Books and Journals Allen, M., Hunter, J. E., Donohue, W. A. (2009). Meta?analysis of self?report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques.Communication Education,38(1), 54-76. Bodie, G. D. (2010). A racing heart, rattling knees, and ruminative thoughts: Defining, explaining, and treating public speaking anxiety.Communication Education,59(1), 70-105. Bylund, C. L. et.al., (2017). Implementing and tailoring a western-developed communication skills training program for graduate medical trainees in Qatar.International journal of medical education,8, 16. Caruana, V., Ploner, J. (2012). A critical review of contemporary practice and educational research in internationalisation within the business education subject communities. Christensen, M. (2014). Communication as a strategic tool in change processes.International journal of business communication,51(4), 359-385. Coldwell, D. A. L., Joosub, T., Papageorgiou, E. (2012). Responsible leadership in organizational crises: An analysis of the effects of public perceptions of selected SA business organizations reputations.Journal of Business Ethics,109(2), 133-144. Davis, A. (2014). Core Communication Competencies in. DeBenedectis, C. M. et.al., (2017). Coming out of the dark: a curriculum for teaching and evaluating radiology residents communication skills through simulation.Journal of the American College of Radiology,14(1), 87-91. Duran, R. A. et.al., (2017). Exploratory Study About the Implementation of the Competency-Based Approach in Graduate Programs From Two Panamanian Universities.Journal of Hispanic Higher Education,16(3), 191-208. Floyd, L. A. et.al., (2013). Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education.Journal of business ethics,117(4), 753-776. Guetterman, T. C. et.al., (2017). Initial construct validity evidence of a virtual human application for competency assessment in breaking the bad news to a cancer patient. Advances in medical education and practice,8, 505. Hargie, O. (2011). Skilled interpersonal communication 5th ed. Hargie, O. (2011). Skilled interpersonal interaction: Research, theory, and practice. Kim, S. H., Lee, M. A. (2014). Effects of emotional labor and communication competence on turnover intention in nurses.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration,20(3), 332-341. Liu, Y. et.al., (2017). Communication skills training: Adapting to the trends and moving forward.BioScience Trends,11(2), 142-147. Madlock, P. E. (2012). The influence of power distance and communication on Mexican workers.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),49(2), 169-184. Mandeville, D. S., Ho, T. K., Valdez, L. A. V. L. A. (2017). The Effect Of Problem-Based Learning On Undergraduate Oral Communication Competency. Journal of College Teaching Learning (TLC),14(1), 1-10. McAllum, K. (2017). Language (in) competency, communication strategies, and the development of an international academic teacher identity: becoming an audible minority.Higher Education Research Development,36(4), 763-776. Neuliep, J. W. (2017).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Niemann-Struweg, I. (2014). An integrated communication implementation model for the post-2000 business environment.Public Relations Review,40(2), 184-192. Norbury, C. F. (2014). Practitioner review: Social (pragmatic) communication disorder conceptualization, evidence, and clinical implications. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,55(3), 204-216. Porter, L., Tanner, S. (2012).Assessing business excellence. Routledge. Priem, J. S., Solomon, D. H. (2009). Comforting apprehensive communicators: The effects of reappraisal and distraction on cortisol levels among students in a public speaking class.Communication Quarterly,57(3), 259-281. Rajasekar, J. (2014). Factors affecting effective strategy implementation in a service industry: A study of electricity distribution companies in the Sultanate of Oman.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(9). Schulze, J. et.al., (2017). The knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics required for face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication: Similar or distinct constructs?.Journal of Business and Psychology,32(3), 283-300. Shah, D. V. et.al., (2017). Civic Norms and Communication Competence.The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, 467. Shannon, D. (2012). Effective physician-to-physician communication: An essential ingredient for care coordination.PE J, 16-21. Stanimirovic, D. (2015). A framework for information and communication technology induced transformation of the healthcare business model in Slovenia.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,18(1), 29-47. Stowe, K. et.al., (2012). Are Students Prepared to Present?: An Analysis of Presentation Skills in Business Schools.Journal of the Academy of Business Education,13. Wright, K. B. et.al., (2013). Communication competence, social support, and depression among college students: a model of Facebook and face-to-face support network influence. Journal of Health Communication,18(1), 41-57.